As the festivities of Diwali approach, a lesser-known but significant prelude takes center stage — Bhoot Chaturdashi. This cultural phenomenon, also known as Chhoti Diwali, intertwines with beliefs surrounding the descent of spirits on earth and the symbolic slaying of the demon Narakasura, embodiment of darkness. In this article, we delve into the diverse rituals associated with this unique celebration across different regions of India.
Goa: Burning Effigies and the Triumph of Good Over Evil
In the coastal state of Goa, the ritual of burning huge effigies of the Asura King Narakasura holds a special place. This act, known as ‘Narakasura Vadh,’ symbolizes the victory of Lord Krishna over the destructive Narakasura. Historian Sanjeev V Sardesai explains the mythological background, shedding light on Narakasura’s reign of destruction and his ultimate demise in a battle with Krishna. The effigies, filled with firecrackers, are burned at dawn, signifying the triumph of good over evil.
West Bengal: Bhoot Chaturdashi and the Soulful Connection
In West Bengal, the day before Diwali is marked by the observance of ‘Bhoot Chaturdashi,’ a night when it is believed that the souls of the deceased visit their living relatives. To guide them, 14 oil lamps (‘choddo prodip’) are lit in homes, serving a dual purpose of welcoming forefathers and warding off evil spirits. The ritual also involves consuming 14 different types of leafy vegetables (‘choddo shaak’). In some areas, Aghoris, Shaivite ascetics, gather to perform ‘puja’ and Tantric rituals.
Gujarat: Rituals of Cleansing and New Beginnings
In Gujarat, the evening of Kali Chaudash witnesses the ritual of ‘kaklat kadhvo,’ signifying the removal of clamor and troubles. Women draw circles, offer homemade fried snacks (‘vadas’) to the souls of the departed, and avoid looking back after the ritual. Another tradition, ‘Alas Kadhvi,’ is observed on the Gujarati New Year, involving cleaning homes and disposing of household garbage to usher in Goddess Lakshmi.
Chopda Poojan and Labh Paacham: Business Traditions in Gujarat
On Diwali day, businesses in Gujarat close their financial year with ‘Chopda Poojan,’ a ritual where traditional account books are worshipped. The following days, known as ‘Labh Paacham,’ mark the opening of new account books and are considered auspicious for launching new businesses.
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